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Electrical Substations

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     Electrical Substations An electrical substation forms an integral part of the power system. It is placed at the both ends of the long distant transmission line... but why??!! Of-course to transform voltage!  A substation at the beginning End or say generation side normally used to boost up the voltage to higher magnitude suitable for transmitting the generated power to long distant load with minimum losses.( Uses a step up transformer )!! Yes the other type is at the other end of the long distant transmission line nearer to load centre... here the high voltage is stepped down to a relevant magnitude which may be used for distribution purpose or another voltage level transmission for near by substations.                    The heart of a substation is nothing but our transformer, depending upon the purpose transformer can be step up or step down!! Now we are considering a load end substation as a...
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Circuit Breaker Faliure / Local Breaker Backup

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50Z / 50BF / LBB / CBF Ha..! Ha..! Don't get confused upon reading the title. The explanation is just here..! This is another level of protection given for particular circuit breakers. Each power system equipment like transformer, generator, transmission line, etc. have its own protection relay which assures its smooth working and safety. When a fault occurs, one or more protection devices will operate and issue a trip command to the relevant circuit breakers. Operation of the circuit breaker is essential to isolate the fault and prevent, or at least limit, damage to the power system. For transmission and sub-transmission systems, slow fault clearance can also threaten system stability. But most of the time the circuit breaker works fine, but due to some external fault on the circuit breaker such as trip circuit lose contact, delayed circuit breaker operation, circuit breaker’s internal mechanism issue, etc. it fails to trip for the command of different relays . Here c...
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Differential Protection Scheme (Transformer)

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Hey friends! you are familiar with the power system equipment which we discussed earlier.! Now it's time to protect it to total safety. As soldiers protect our country from enemies likewise our system should be protected from fault. The line of control is decided by fixing the current transformers on the right place. So our boundaries is decided by their location. Here in a substation, we have many equipments such as transmission lines, bus-bar, transformers, etc in the system which need atmost care. Starting from the bulkiest, transformers are having different level of protections such as phase to phase and phase to ground. In other words differential protection and earth-fault protection. Over-current protection is also implemented in it. Let's talk about the differential type of protection for transformers. It's quite simple to explain the theory but some complicated while coming into the calculation. The term itself gives a brief idea about the ...
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