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Electrical Substations

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     Electrical Substations An electrical substation forms an integral part of the power system. It is placed at the both ends of the long distant transmission line... but why??!! Of-course to transform voltage!  A substation at the beginning End or say generation side normally used to boost up the voltage to higher magnitude suitable for transmitting the generated power to long distant load with minimum losses.( Uses a step up transformer )!! Yes the other type is at the other end of the long distant transmission line nearer to load centre... here the high voltage is stepped down to a relevant magnitude which may be used for distribution purpose or another voltage level transmission for near by substations.                    The heart of a substation is nothing but our transformer, depending upon the purpose transformer can be step up or step down!! Now we are considering a load end substation as an example. Here our hero is step down transformer 😎!! A substation h
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Differential Protection Scheme (Transformer)

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Hey friends! you are familiar with the power system equipment which we discussed earlier.! Now it's time to protect it to total safety. As soldiers protect our country from enemies likewise our system should be protected from fault. The line of control is decided by fixing the current transformers on the right place. So our boundaries is decided by their location. Here in a substation, we have many equipments such as transmission lines, bus-bar, transformers, etc in the system which need atmost care. Starting from the bulkiest, transformers are having different level of protections such as phase to phase and phase to ground. In other words differential protection and earth-fault protection. Over-current protection is also implemented in it. Let's talk about the differential type of protection for transformers. It's quite simple to explain the theory but some complicated while coming into the calculation. The term itself gives a brief idea about the
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Capacitor banks and reactors

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Capacitor banks and Reactors We have already discussed the significance of reactive power in a power system, As we know the availability of reactive power depends on the excitation of the alternators.This reactive power can be provided by the generators themselves, through the adjustment of generator excitation, but it is often cheaper to provide it through capacitors, hence capacitors are often placed near inductive loads to inject reactive power.the so called capacitors are mainly of two, static condensers and synchronous condensers. The synchronous condensers have a variable value of VAR which can be varied by the excitation of the synchronous motor and the static capacitors have a fixed value of VAR.                                       The capacitor bank simply means that a group of  individual capacitors connected in  parallel and series accordingly to the design of the capacitor bank and together have a value in KVAR or MVAR. Capacitor Connection  A reactor is connected i
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