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Electrical Substations

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     Electrical Substations An electrical substation forms an integral part of the power system. It is placed at the both ends of the long distant transmission line... but why??!! Of-course to transform voltage!  A substation at the beginning End or say generation side normally used to boost up the voltage to higher magnitude suitable for transmitting the generated power to long distant load with minimum losses.( Uses a step up transformer )!! Yes the other type is at the other end of the long distant transmission line nearer to load centre... here the high voltage is stepped down to a relevant magnitude which may be used for distribution purpose or another voltage level transmission for near by substations.                    The heart of a substation is nothing but our transformer, depending upon the purpose transformer can be step up or step down!! Now we are considering a load end substation as a...
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Capacitor banks and reactors

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Capacitor banks and Reactors We have already discussed the significance of reactive power in a power system, As we know the availability of reactive power depends on the excitation of the alternators.This reactive power can be provided by the generators themselves, through the adjustment of generator excitation, but it is often cheaper to provide it through capacitors, hence capacitors are often placed near inductive loads to inject reactive power.the so called capacitors are mainly of two, static condensers and synchronous condensers. The synchronous condensers have a variable value of VAR which can be varied by the excitation of the synchronous motor and the static capacitors have a fixed value of VAR.                                       The capacitor bank simply means that a group of  individual capacitors connected in  parallel and series accordingly to the design of the c...
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Circuit Breaker Faliure / Local Breaker Backup

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50Z / 50BF / LBB / CBF Ha..! Ha..! Don't get confused upon reading the title. The explanation is just here..! This is another level of protection given for particular circuit breakers. Each power system equipment like transformer, generator, transmission line, etc. have its own protection relay which assures its smooth working and safety. When a fault occurs, one or more protection devices will operate and issue a trip command to the relevant circuit breakers. Operation of the circuit breaker is essential to isolate the fault and prevent, or at least limit, damage to the power system. For transmission and sub-transmission systems, slow fault clearance can also threaten system stability. But most of the time the circuit breaker works fine, but due to some external fault on the circuit breaker such as trip circuit lose contact, delayed circuit breaker operation, circuit breaker’s internal mechanism issue, etc. it fails to trip for the command of different relays . Here c...
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